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Notes
- Unit cost for airframe complete with engine, armament and equipment.[4] [4]
- For many years there was considerable debate over the date of the first flight being the 5 or 6 March. Many of Supermarine's records from this era were destroyed during a bombing raid in 1940, and none of the surviving documents seemed to pin this down. This matter was almost conclusively answered in 1985 by aviation author Alfred Price, who received an account sheet with a handwritten note by Mitchell updating a line from 'Not yet flown' to 'Flew 5 Mar 36'. See Spitfire: A Complete Fighting History, 1991, p. 165-166.
- Although this is often perceived as Summers implying the Spitfire was flawless, this is not the case. What he meant was that he wanted nothing touched, especially the control settings, until he had consulted with Mitchell and the design team and suggested some improvements[16] [16]
- The Air Ministry submitted a list of possible names to Vickers-Armstrong for the new aircraft, then known as the Type 300. One of these was the improbable Shrew. The name Spitfire was suggested by Sir Robert McLean, director of Vickers-Armstrongs at the time, who called his spirited elder daughter Annie Penrose 'a little spitfire'.[19] The word dates from Elizabethan times and refers to a fiery, ferocious type of person; at the time it usually meant a girl or woman of that temperament.[20] Previously the name had been used unofficially for Mitchell's earlier F7/30 Type 224 design. Mitchell is reported to have said it was 'just the sort of bloody silly name they would choose'.[19,20,21 and 22] [19,20,21 and 22]
- The pilot standing in front of the aircraft is pre-War Olympic hurdler, Sqn. Ldr. Donald O. Finlay, the commanding officer of 41 Squadron from September 1940 to August 1941, who adopted the aircraft as his personal mount. The same day P7666 was delivered to the Squadron, 23 November 1940, Finlay destroyed a Bf 109 on his first operational sortie in the aircraft.
- A 'Spitfire Lane' can be found on the road between Salisbury and Andover leading to the Chattis Hill aerodrome.
- The test pilots were based at Highpost and flown by light aircraft to the other airfields.
- Glancey notes that Rolls-Royce saw the potential of the He 70 as a flying test-bed for prototype engines, sending a team to Germany to buy one of the aircraft direct from Heinkel. The German government approved the deal, but only in return for a number of Rolls-Royce Kestrel engines. He also notes that Shenstone had worked with Ernst Heinkel in Germany.[13] [13]
- Starting with the Merlin XII fitted in Spitfire Mk IIs in late 1940 this was changed to a 70% water-30% glycol mix.
- The fabric used for aircraft control surfaces had to be as light and as strong as possible: Irish linen was often used, or Grade A cotton. Once the material was stretched and doped, it was weatherproof and aerodynamically smooth. [72] [72]
- On the ground the flaps were normally lowered only for inspection or for maintenance. Pilots who forgot to raise the flaps after landing often found themselves paying a fine.
- Early, Merlin-powered Spitfires were not the only aircraft to suffer from this problem as other pre-war aeroplanes also used carburettors containing a float chamber. In 1942, the United States acquired a flyable, Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero, known as the Akutan Zero. Test flying showed this aircraft also suffered engine cut-outs, due to the float-type carburettor of its Nakajima Sakae engine. The Americans devised tactics to counter the Zero in combat that took advantage of this and other results of testing the aircraft.[93] [93]
- This aircraft survived the war, only to be scrapped in 1945. The first pilot to fly K9789 was Squadron Leader Henry Cozens, whose career had begun in 1917 with the Sopwith Camel and ended after flying Meteor and Vampire jets.[31] [31]
- The second cockpit of this aircraft has been lowered and is now below the front cockpit. This modification is known as the Grace Canopy Conversion, and was designed by Nick Grace, who rebuilt ML407.[136] (For further details on surviving Spitfires see List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires).
- Both of these airframes have a significant history in that they were acquired in the Second World War and used in the first war drives, which preceded the US entry into the conflict. The Spitfire, donated by the British government in 1940, was the first example to come to the United States, and was used extensively as a propaganda tool, alongside the Stuka, recovered from the Middle East.[153] [153]
- The Merlin 46 and Merlin 50 were also used in the VB.
Citations
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- Ethell 1997, p. 117.
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- Ethell 1997, p. 6.
- Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 206.
- Price 1977, p. 16.
- Price 1982, p. 16.
- Price 1982, p. 17.
- Price 1977, p. 20.
- Price 1999, pp. 16, 17.
- Price 1977, p. 32.
- Glancey 2006, pp. 37–38.
- Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 27.
- Gunston et al. 1992, p. 334.
- Quill 1983, p. 71.
- Fleischman, John. 'Best of Battle of Britain.' Air & Space, March 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
- Price 2002, p. 38.
- 'Annie Penrose.' Archived 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Telegraph, 25 October 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
- Wikidictionary: spitfire
- McKinstry 2007, p. 55.
- Deighton 1977, p. 99.
- Glancey 2006, p. 43.
- Humphrey Edwardes-Jones Archived 24 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine.. rafweb.org
- Glancey 2006, p. 44.
- Ethell 1997, p. 11.
- Price 1977, pp. 25, 27.
- Price 1982, p. 61.
- Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 45.
- Price 1982, p. 65.
- Glancey 2006, p. 61.
- Ian Philpott (20 July 2006). The Royal Air Force - Volume 2: An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years 1930-1939. Pen and Sword. pp. 49–. ISBN 978-1-84415-391-6. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017.
- McKinstry 2007, p. 145.
- McKinstry 2007, pp. 152, 153.
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- Air International 1985, p. 187.
- Delve 2007, p. 79.
- Niall Corduroy (21 January 2017). Whirlwind: Westland's Enigmatic Fighter. Fonthill Media. pp. 35–. GGKEY:RNKZ64PU2TP. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017.
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- Price 1982, p. 249.
- McKinstry 2007, p. 6
- Danel and Cuny 1966, pp. 225–244.
- Cross and Scarborough 1976, pp. 6–7.
- Price 2002, p. 20.
- Bodie 1991, p. 20.
- Deere 2010, pp. 152–153, 170.
- Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 614–616.
- Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 616.
- Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 171.
- Deere 2010, pp. 170–172.
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- Price 1977, pp. 33–34.
- Price 2002, pp. 17–18.
- Lednicer, David. 'The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage.' Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group, 15 September 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
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- The Trend Of Invention – Recent Aeronautical Patents Reviewed, xxxiii (1521), Flight, 17 February 1938, p. 163, archived from the original on 18 August 2016
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- McKinstry 2007, pp. 79, 133.
- Working with Irish Linen Archived 7 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
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- Price 1982, p. 147.
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- Deere 2010, p. 173.
- Air Publications 1972, p. 5.
- Tanner 1981, p. 23.
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- The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 26 June 2011
- Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 264.
- Andrews and Morgan 1987, pp. 264–267.
- McKinstry 2007, p. 205.
- McKinstry 2007, p. 206.
- Rearden (1995), p.73
- Williams and Gustin 2003, p. 93.
- Williams and Gustin 2003, pp. 16, 93–94.
- Williams and Gustin 2003, pp. 93–94.
- Williams and Gustin 2003, p. 95.
- Buttler 2004, pp. 35, 50.
- McKinstry 2007, pp. 181–184.
- McKinstry 2007, pp. 118, 244–245.
- McKinstry 2007, p. 222.
- Price 1995, pp. 34, 37, 38, 55, 89, 92.
- Price 1996, pp. 17, 35–37, 41, 62, 66, 91.
- Stokes 1983, pp. 16, 191–194.
- Price 1996, pp. 17, 44, 55, 64, 93.
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- Smith 2015, pp. 146–149.
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- Spick, Mike. Supermarine Spitfire. New York: Gallery Books, 1990. ISBN 0-8317-1403-4.
- 'Spitfire: Simply Superb, Part three.' Air International, Volume 28, Number 4, April 1985.
- Stokes, Doug. Paddy Finucane, Fighter Ace: A Biography of Wing Commander Brendan E. Finucane, D.S.O., D.F.C. and Two Bars. London: William Kimber & Co. Ltd., 1983. ISBN 0-7183-0279-6.
- Tanner, John. The Spitfire V Manual (AP1565E reprint). London: Arms and Armour Press, 1981. ISBN 0-85368-420-0.
- Vader, John. Spitfire (Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II). London: Ballantine's Books, 1969.
- Williams, Anthony G. and Dr. Emmanuel Gustin. Flying Guns: World War II. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-84037-227-3.
Magazine References: +
- Airfix Magazines (English) - http://www.airfix.com/
- Avions (French) - http://www.aerostories.org/~aerobiblio/rubrique10.html
- EDUARD - https://www.eduard.com/
- EDUARD - Are in my opinion are what modelers are looking for loads of pictures and diagrams and have become a leading historical information source. *****
- FlyPast (English) - http://www.flypast.com/
- Flugzeug Publikations GmbH (German) - http://vdmedien.com/flugzeug-publikations-gmbh-hersteller_verlag-vdm-heinz-nickel-33.html
- Flugzeug Classic (German) - http://www.flugzeugclassic.de/
- Klassiker (German) - http://shop.flugrevue.de/abo/klassiker-der-luftfahrt
- Luftwaffe IM Focus (German) - https://www.luftfahrtverlag-start.de/
- Embleme der Luftwaffe Band-1 (German) - https://www.luftfahrtverlag-start.de/
- Le Fana de L'Aviation (French) - http://boutique.editions-lariviere.fr/site/abonnement-le-fana-de-l-aviation-626-4-6.html
- Le Fana de L'Aviation (French) - http://www.pdfmagazines.org/tags/Le+Fana+De+L+Aviation/
- Osprey (English) - http://www.ospreypublishing.com/
- model airplane international magazine - https://adhpublishing.com/shop/store/magazine-backissues/model-airplane-international-backissues/
- Revi Magazines (Czech) - http://www.revi.cz/
Web References: +
- History of RAF Organisation: http://www.rafweb.org
- History of RAAF: http://www.airpages.ru/eng/ot/raaf_01.shtml
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/
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