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Flugzeugführerschulen A/B (FFS A/B)
Training aircraft used by the Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe of the Third Reich officially existed from 1933–1945 but training had started in the 1920s, before the Nazi election, and many aircraft made in the inter-war years were used during World War II. The main list highlights the most significant aircraft that participated and includes minor types. Pre-war aircraft not used after 1938 are excluded, as are projects and aircraft that did not fly. Listed roles are those for which the aircraft were being used during the war - many obsolete pre-war combat aircraft remained in use as trainers rather than in their original more familiar roles.
Captured or acquired aircraft are listed separately as many were used only for evaluation while those available in large enough numbers were commonly used as trainers, while a small number were used for special operations, with exception of some Italian aircraft used sometimes in large numbers mostly as transports. A full list of aircraft from 1933 - 1945 can be found in the Reich Aviation Ministry's list of aircraft at list of RLM aircraft designations and a full explanation is at RLM aircraft designation system. A small number of surviving pre-1933 aircraft were overlooked by the RLM system and just used the company names or designations.
RLM # Aircraft Role Productio Status # built/used 1st Flight Notes 192 AGO Ao 192 Kurier transport production 6 1935 used by senior officials 66 Arado Ar 66 trainer production 1456 1932 biplane 68 Arado Ar 68 trainer/night-fighter production 511 1934 biplane, obsolete by 1939 76 Arado Ar 76 trainer production 189 1934 biplane 80 Arado Ar 80 experimental prototype 3 1935 used to test Fowler flaps 95 Arado Ar 95 training production 27 1936 seaplane, built for export 96 Arado Ar 96 trainer production 2891 1938 196 Arado Ar 196 reconnaissance production 541 1937 ship-borne seaplane 197 Arado Ar 197 fighter prototype 3 1937 carrier aircraft derived from Ar 68 198 Arado Ar 198 reconnaissance prototype 1 1938 199 Arado Ar 199 trainer prototype 2 1939 seaplane 213 Arado Ar 231 reconnaissance prototype 6 1940 folds to fit on U-boat 232 Arado Ar 232 Tausendfüßler transport production 20 1941 234 Arado Ar 234 Blitz reconnaissance/bomber production 210 1943 Bomber Jet 240 Arado Ar 240 fighter prototype 14 1940 440 Arado Ar 440 fighter prototype 4 1942 1 converted from Ar 240 349 Bachem Ba 349 Natter interceptor production 36 1945 rocket, only 1 manned flight attempted 40 Blohm & Voss BV 40 Ersatzjäger interceptor prototype 7 1944 glider 138 Blohm & Voss BV 138 Seedrache maritime patrol production 297 1937 diesel trimotor flying-boat 139 Blohm & Voss Ha 139 transport prototype 3 1936 long-range seaplane 140 Blohm & Voss Ha 140 maritime patrol prototype 3 1937 flying-boat 141 Blohm & Voss BV 141 reconnaissance prototype 28 1938 asymmetrical 142 Blohm & Voss BV 142 maritime patrol/transport prototype 4 1938 144 Blohm & Voss BV 144 transport prototype 1 1944 155 Blohm & Voss BV 155 interceptor prototype 3 1944 built to counter B-29 222 Blohm & Voss BV 222 Wiking transport production 13 1940 six-engined flying-boat 238 Blohm & Voss BV 238 maritime patrol prototype 1 1944 six-engined flying-boat, largest Axis aircraft flown 131 Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann trainer production 5000 ca. 1934 biplane, also used for night harassment 133 Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister trainer production 250 ca. 1935 aerobatic biplane 180 Bücker Bü 180 Student trainer production 50 1937 181 Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann trainer production 3400 1939 182 Bücker Bü 182 Kornett trainer prototype 4 1938 313 Caproni Ca.313G trainer production 164 1939 purchased from Italy. 38 DFS SG 38 Schulgleiter trainer production 10000 ca. 1938 glider, widely copied 228 DFS 228 reconnaissance prototype 2 1944 rocket-powered, unpowered flights only 230 DFS 230 transport production 1600 ca. 1937 glider 331 DFS 331 transport prototype 1 1942 glider 11 Dornier Do 11 bomber production 372 1932 12 Dornier Do 12 Libelle trainer prototype 1 1932 impressed seaplane 16 Dornier Do 16 Wal training production 46 1922 flying-boat, most retired by 1939 17 Dornier Do 17 Fliegender Bleistift bomber/night-fighter production 2139 1934 18 Dornier Do 18 maritime patrol production 170 1935 flying-boat 19 Dornier Do 19 transport prototype 3 1936 only 1 flown, built as heavy bomber 22 Dornier Do 22 maritime patrol production 30 ca. 1938 built for export 23 Dornier Do 23 bomber production 282 1934 withdrawn after invasion of Poland 24 Dornier Do 24 maritime patrol production 218 1937 flying boat, was for export 26 Dornier Do 26 reconnaissance production 6 1938 long-range seaplane 215 Dornier Do 215 Fliegender Bleistift bomber/night-fighter production 105 1938 217 Dornier Do 217 Fliegender Bleistift bomber/night-fighter production 1925 1938 317 Dornier Do 317 bomber prototype 6 1943 Bomber B 335 Dornier Do 335 Pfeil fighter/bomber production 37 1943 push-pull engines 5 Fieseler Fi 5 trainer production 29 ca. 1933 acrobatic sportsplane 103 Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg manned bomb production 175 1944 manned variant of V-1 missile 156 Fieseler Fi 156 Storch reconnaissance production 2867 1936 167 Fieseler Fi 167 bomber production 14 1938 ship-borne biplane 256 Fieseler Fi 256 transport prototype 6–9 1941 184 Flettner Fl 184 reconnaissance prototype 1 1936 helicopter 282 Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri reconnaissance production 24 1941 Synchropter helicopter 223 Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 Drache transport production 20 1940 helicopter 330 Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 reconnaissance production 200 1942 autogyro kite, rarely used 152 Focke-Wulf Ta 152 fighter production 49 1944 improved Fw 190, production curtailed 154 Focke-Wulf Ta 154 Moskito night-fighter production 30 ca. 1943 development curtailed 44 Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz trainer production 1700 ca. 1932 biplane, widely exported 56 Focke-Wulf Fw 56 Stösser trainer production 1000 ca. 1933 parasol monoplane 58 Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihe trainer production 1350 1935 61 Focke-Wulf Fw 61 experimental prototype 2 1936 twin rotor helicopter 62 Focke-Wulf Fw 62 reconnaissance prototype 4 1937 ship-borne biplane seaplane 186 Focke-Wulf Fw 186 reconnaissance prototype 1 1937 autogyro 187 Focke-Wulf Fw 187 Falke fighter prototype 9 1937 189 Focke-Wulf Fw 189 Uhu reconnaissance production 864 1938 190 Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger fighter production 20000 ca. 1939 many exported to client states 191 Focke-Wulf Fw 191 bomber prototype 3 1942 Bomber B 200 Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor maritime patrol/transport production 276 1937 originally airliner, some exported 145 Gotha Go 145 trainer production 1182 1934 146 Gotha Go 146 transport prototype 4 1936 147 Gotha Go 147 experimental prototype 1 1936 tailless 242 Gotha Go 242 transport production 1528 1941 glider 244 Gotha Go 244 transport production 176 1941 powered Go 242, 133 converted 345 Gotha Go 345 transport prototype 1 1944 glider 430 Gotha Ka 430 transport prototype 12 1943 glider 46 Heinkel He 46 trainer production 512 1931 parasol recon. Used for night harassment raids. 50 Heinkel He 50 reconnaissance/bomber production 78 1931 biplane 51 Heinkel He 51 trainer production 700 1933 obsolete fighter, few remained by 1939 59 Heinkel He 59 reconnaissance production 144 1931 biplane seaplane 60 Heinkel He 60 reconnaissance production 205 1933 ship-borne biplane seaplane 70 Heinkel He 70 Blitz transport production 15 1932 72 Heinkel He 72 Kadett trainer production 2000 ca. 1933 100 Heinkel He 100 fighter production 25 1938 also used He 113 designation 111 Heinkel He 111 bomber/transport production 5656 1935 many exported 112 Heinkel He 112 fighter production 104 1935 114 Heinkel He 114 reconnaissance production 29 ca. 1936 seaplane 115 Heinkel He 115 bomber production 138 1937 seaplane, some exported. 116 Heinkel He 116 reconnaissance prototype 14 1937 119 Heinkel He 119 high-speed reconnaissance prototype 8 1937 162 Heinkel He 162 Spatz light jet fighter production 320 1944 jet, Volksjäger winner 172 Heinkel He 172 trainer prototype 1 1934 He 72 with NACA cowling 177 Heinkel He 177 Greif heavy/strategic bomber production 1169 1939 engine problems until major redesign 219 Heinkel He 219 Uhu night-fighter production 300 ca. 1942 280 Heinkel He 280 fighter prototype 9 1940 jet 123 Henschel Hs 123 ground attack production 250 1935 125 Henschel Hs 125 trainer prototype 2 1934 126 Henschel Hs 126 reconnaissance production 600 ca. 1936 127 Henschel Hs 127 bomber prototype 2 1937 128 Henschel Hs 128 experimental prototype 2 1939 high-altitude test aircraft 129 Henschel Hs 129 ground attack production 865 1939 130 Henschel Hs 130 bomber prototype 13 1939 high-altitude 229 Horten Ho 229 fighter prototype 3 1944 jet flying wing, only one flown under power n/a Junkers W34 trainer production 2024 1926 1920s transport. 52 Junkers Ju 52 Tante Ju transport production 4845 1931 Spanish Civil War bomber, widely exported 86 Junkers Ju 86 bomber/reconnaissance production 632 1934 87 Junkers Ju 87 Stuka bomber production 6500 1935 many exported to client states 88 Junkers Ju 88 bomber/night-fighter production 15183 1936 variants filled numerous roles 89 Junkers Ju 89 bomber prototype 2 1937 originally Ural bomber 90 Junkers Ju 90 transport production 18 1937 188 Junkers Ju 188 Rächer bomber production 1234 1940 252 Junkers Ju 252 transport production 15 1942 287 Junkers Ju 287 bomber prototype 2 1944 jet 288 Junkers Ju 288 bomber prototype 22 1940 Bomber B design winner 290 Junkers Ju 290 maritime patrol/transport production 65 1942 322 Junkers Ju 322 Mammut transport prototype 2 1941 glider 352 Junkers Ju 352 Herkules transport production 50 1943 388 Junkers Ju 388 reconnaissance/bomber production 101 ca. 1943 fighter variants also planned 390 Junkers Ju 390 bomber prototype 2 1943 Amerika Bomber 31 Klemm Kl 31 trainer production 30 1931 35 Klemm Kl 35 trainer production 2000 ca. 1935 sportplane, many exported 36 Klemm Kl 36 transport production 12 ca. 1934 108 Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun trainer production 885 1934 many exported 109 Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter production 33984 1935 many exported to client states 110 Messerschmitt Bf 110 Zerstörer fighter production 6170 1936 162 Messerschmitt Bf 162 Jaguar bomber prototype 3 1937 163 Messerschmitt Bf 163 reconnaissance prototype 1 1938 designation reused for interceptor 163 Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet interceptor production 370 1944 rocket 209 Messerschmitt Me 209 racer prototype 4 1938 209 Messerschmitt Me 209-II fighter prototype 4 1943 unrelated to previous Me 209 210 Messerschmitt Me 210 fighter production 108 1939 261 Messerschmitt Me 261 Adolfine reconnaissance prototype 3 1940 262 Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe fighter production 1400 ca. 1941 jet 263 Messerschmitt Me 263 interceptor prototype 1 1944 rocket, did not fly under power 264 Messerschmitt Me 264 Amerika bomber prototype 3 1942 309 Messerschmitt Me 309 fighter prototype 4 1942 321 Messerschmitt Me 321 Gigant transport production 200 1941 glider 323 Messerschmitt Me 323 Gigant transport production 198 1942 powered variant of Me 321 328 Messerschmitt Me 328 fighter prototype 9 1944 pulse jet 410 Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse fighter/reconnaissance production 1189 1942 improved Me 210 104 Siebel Fh 104 Hallore transport production 46 1937 201 Siebel Si 201 reconnaissance prototype 2 1938 202 Siebel Si 202 Hummel trainer production 66 1938 sportplane 204 Siebel Si 204 trainer production 1216 1940 also used as transport Luftwaffe captured or acquired aircraft.
Name Source Luftwaffe Role Serial Notes Avia B-534 Czechoslovakia trainer Three modified for carrier trials. Some sold. Avia B-71 Czechoslovakia bomber AVIA FL.3 Italy trainer 145 Sent to flying schools in Austria. Bloch M.B.175 France bomber Bloch M.B.151 France fighter/trainer Vichy MB.152 also transferred to Luftwaffe In 1942. Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress US special operations Used by special units such as KG 200. Cant Z.506 Italy search & rescue used from 1943 with mixed Italian/German crews. Cant Z.1007 Italy transport used from 1943 Caudron C.445 Goéland France transport Curtiss H-75 Hawk France & Norway fighter Used pending delivery of Bf 109's. Some sold to Finland. Dewoitine D.520 France trainer 182 Some sold. Douglas 8A-3N Netherlands trainer 3 ca. Douglas DC-2 Netherlands transport 3 ex-KLM aircraft Fiat CR.42 Italy ground attack/night fighter 112+ from 1943, flown by NSGr.9 and JG.107 Fiat G.50/B Italy trainer unk. from 1943, flown by 7th Nacht Schlacht Gruppe based in Croatia Fokker C.V Various trainer unk. Fokker C.X Netherlands trainer unk. Fokker D.XXI Netherlands fighter Fokker T.VIII Netherlands maritime patrol floatplane Fokker G.I Netherlands trainer some used in 1941 for Bf 110 crews. Gloster Gladiator Latvia via USSR trainer 1 captured from Soviets, glider/target tug. Hawker Hurricane France, Jugoslavia & N. Africa familiarization Not used for combat. Ilyushin Il-2 USSR n/a never used Lioré et Olivier LeO 451 France transport 39+ from May 1943, flown by IV./TG4. Lockheed P-38 Lightning USA fighter 1 provided by defector. Macchi MC.202 Italy trainer 47 used from 1943. Some transferred to Croatia. Macchi MC.205 Italy fighter 25 used from 1944. II/JG 77 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 USSR n/a Tried to sell 22 to Finland Morane-Saulnier M.S.230 France trainer Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 France trainer 46+ 25 sold to Finland in 1941 Nakajima E8N Japan reconnaissance seaplane 1 employed on the German auxiliary cruiser Orion North American NAA 57 France trainer North American NAA 64 France trainer Most received in crates PZL.37 Łoś Poland n/a tested but not used Rogožarski IK-3 Yugoslavia fighter Reggiane Re.2002 Italy fighter 25 from 1943, Reggiane ordered to build more Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Italy transport used from 1943. Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 Italy transport 430 used 1942–1945. Supermarine Spitfire United Kingdom fighter Zlín Z-XII & 212 Czechoslovakia trainer
Asisbiz photo album of Training aircraft used by the Luftwaffe
Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann II./JG 54 Stkz KG+GB Russia 1941 00
Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann of 1./JG54 As appropriate for its original training role, this aircraft was originally painted in Light Grey L40/52 overall. Later, perhaps when first assigned to JG54 as a liaison aircraft, it was repainted in a standard Green 70/71 uppersurface scheme with Blue 65 undersurfaces. At this time, the swastika was masked off, leaving a surrounding square of the original L40/52. Because of the more complicated masking involved, it would seem the fuselage cross and code letters were overpainted during respraying and, when reapplied, were incorrectly positioned, being higher than normal and not parallel with the aircraft centreline. Later, the uppersurfaces were again repainted with a temporary white snow camouflage which was applied unevenly and left areas of the green scheme showing through. This time, while the major part of the airframe was spray-painted, the white areas around the code letters were brushed on, leaving a green border which resulted in the slightly distorted appearance of the lettering. The name "Lilli-Marlen" (as opposed to the famous, and still popular, wartime song 'Lili Marlene') appeared in red under the cockpits, and the badge of 2./JG54 on a white disc was painted on the yellow engine cowling.
Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann 2./JG54 Stkz KG+GB Russia 1941 01
Photo’s 01-02: The Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann was designed as a sports, aerobatics and training aircraft and first entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1935.This example, coded KG+GB, served with 2./JG54 in late 1941 and although at least one source states that it later became a personal courier aircraft used by Oblt. Hans Phillip, who became the Kommandeur of I./JG54 on 15 February 1942, the display of Abschussbalken on the rudder is believed to represent 2.Staffel's tally rather than Oblt. Phillip's own victories. The machine has received an overspray of white and the name "Lilli-Marlen" appears on the fuselage.
Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann 2./JG54 Stkz KG+GB Russia 1941 03
Photo 03: When photographed again in early 1942, the yellow cowling had been overpainted white and the badge of I./JG54 had been added to its fuselage. This machine, one of at least two Bucker 131s operated by JG54, is known to have survived until 1943.
Bucker Bu-131 Jungmeister NJG (SA+ZV) 01
Photo 01: The Englandblitz badge also appears on this Bu 131 which probably belonged to one of the flying schools that specialised in training night fighter aircrew.
Bucker Bu-133 Jungmeister civil registered F-PBSE 01-02
Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann
National origin:- Germany Role:- Basic trainer Manufacturer:- Bücker Flugzeugbau Designer:- Carl Bücker First flight:- 27 April 1934 Introduction:- 1935 (Luftwaffe) Retired:- 1968 (Spanish Air Force) Primary users:- Luftwaffe, Spanish Air Force, Imperial Japanese Army Air Service Number built:- not known Variants:- Bü 133 Jungmeister The German Bücker Bü 131 "Jungmann" (Young man) was a 1930s basic training aircraft which was used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.
Development
After serving in the Kaiserliche Marine in World War I, Carl Bücker moved to Sweden where he became managing director of Svenska Aero AB (SAAB). He later returned to Germany with Anders Anderson, a young designer from SAAB. Bücker Flugzeugbau GmbH was founded in Berlin-Johannistahl, in 1932, with the first aircraft to see production being the Bü 131 Jungmann.
Bücker Flugzeugbau's first production type, the Bü 131A was the last biplane built in Germany. It had two open cockpits in tandem and fixed landing gear. The fuselage was steel tube, covered in fabric and metal, the wings wood and fabric. It first flew on the 80 hp (60 kW) Hirth HM60R.
In 1936, it was followed by the Bü 131B, with a 105 hp (78 kW) Hirth 504A-2.
Most wartime production for the Luftwaffe was by Aero in Prague.
Operational History
Sturdy and agile, the Bü 131A was first delivered to the Deutscher Luftsportverband (DLV). The Bü 131B was selected as the primary basic trainer for the German Luftwaffe, and it served with "virtually all" the Luftwaffe's primary flying schools during the war, as well as with night harassment units such as Nachtschlacht Gruppen (NSGr) 2, 11, and 12. Yugoslavia was the main prewar export customer; "as many as 400 may have found their way" there. She was joined by Bulgaria with 15 and Rumania with 40.
Production licenses were granted to Switzerland (using 94, 88 built under licence to Dornier), Spain (building about 530), Hungary (which operated 315), Czechoslovakia (10, as the Tatra T 131, before war began), and Japan, the last of which built 1,037 for Army with Hatsukaze power as the Kokusai Ki-86 and 339 for the Navy Air Services as the Kyūshū K9W. In Spain, production continued at CASA until the early 1960s. The Jungmann was retained as the Spanish Air Force's primary basic trainer until 1968.
About 200 Jungmanns survive to this day, many having been fitted with modern engines. In 1994, the Bü 131 was restored to production briefly using CASA jigs by Bücker Prado in Spain, with 21 aircraft constructed as the BP 131, while SSH Janusz Karasiewicz in Poland also started production of a version of the Jungmann based on Czech plans in 1994
Variants
* Bü 131A : Two-seat primary trainer biplane. Initial production version.
* Bü 131B : Improved version, powered by the more powerful Hirth HM 504A-2 piston engine.
* Bü 131C : Experimental version, fitted with 67 kW (90 hp) Cirrus Minor piston engine. One built.
* Ki-86A : Japanese production version for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service.
* K9W1 : Japanese production version for the Imperial Japanese Navy.
* Tatra T-131 : Czechoslovakia, pre-war licence production in Tatra Koprivnice.
* Aero C-4 : Mass-produced in Aero factory in occupied Czechoslovakia during wartime under original Bücker Bü 131B designation, used postwar with original Hirth engine.
* Aero C-104 : Czechoslovakia, postwar development with a Walter Minor 4-III engine, 260 aircraft built.
* CASA 1.131 : Spanish license-built versions
* BP 131 : modern license-built version
* SSH T-131P : Pre-production modern Polish version, powered by 78 kW (105 hp) Walter Minor 4-III engine. Four built from 1994.
* SSH T-131PA :Main Polish production version, with 103 kW (138 hp) LOM M332AK engine. First flew 1995.Operators
Czechoslovakia * Czechoslovak Air Force operated this type post war.
Independent State of Croatia * Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske
Finland * Finnish Air Force
Germany * Luftwaffe
Hungary * Royal Hungarian Air Force
Japan * Imperial Japanese Army Air Service operated this type as Kokusai Ki-86. and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service operated this type as Kyūshū K9W1.
Netherlands * Royal Netherlands Air Force
Romania * Royal Romanian Air Force
South Africa * South African Air Force
Spain * Spanish Air Force
Switzerland * Swiss Air Force operated this type from 1936 to 1971.General characteristics
* Crew: Two (student and instructor)
* Length: 6.62 m (21 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 7.40 m (24 ft 3 in)
* Height: 2.35 m (7 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 13.5 m² (145 ft²)
* Empty weight: 380 kg (840 lb)
* Loaded weight: 670 kg (1,500 lb)
* Powerplant: 1× Hirth HM 504 four-cylinder inverted inline engine, 70 kW (100 hp)Performance
* Maximum speed: 183 km/h (99 kn, 115 mph)
* Cruise speed: 170 km/h (92 kn, 110 mph)
* Range: 628 km (339 nm, 390 mi)
* Service ceiling: 4,050 m (13,300 ft)
* Rate of climb: 2.8 m/s (6,600 ft)
* Wing loading: 46.3 kg/m² (9.49 lb/ft²)
* Power/mass: 100 W/kg (0.064 hp/lb)Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann Bibliography: +
- Bridgeman, Leonard. “The Bücker Bü 131B “Jungmann”.” Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
- Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
- Ketley, Barry, and Mark Rolfe. Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935-1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft. Aldershot, GB: Hikoki Publications, 1996. ISBN 0-951-9899-2-8.
- König, Erwin. Bücker Bü 131 "Jungmann"(Flugzeug Profile 27) (in German). D-86669 Stengelheim, Germany: Unitec Medienvertrieb e.K.,
- König, Erwin. Die Bücker-Flugzeuge (The Bücker Aircraft) (bilingual German/English). Martinsried, Germany: Nara Verlag, 1987. ISBN 3-925671-00-5.
- König, Erwin. Die Bückers, Die Geschichte der ehemaligen Bücker-Flugzeugbau-GmbH und ihrer Flugzeuge (in German). (1979)
- Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II. London: Chancellor Press Ltd, 2006. ISBN 1-85152-966-7.
- Sarjeant, L.F. Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann (Aircraft in Profile 222). Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1971.
- Smith, J. Richard and Antony L. Kay. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam and Company Ltd., 3rd impression 1978, pp. 91–92. ISBN 0-370-00024-2.
- Wietstruk, Siegfried. Bücker-Flugzeugbau, Die Geschichte eines Flugzeugwerkes (in German). D-82041 Oberhaching, Germany: Aviatik Verlag, 1999. ISBN 3-925505-28-8.
- Wood, Tony and Bill Gunston. Hitler's Luftwaffe: A Pictorial History and Technical Encyclopedia of Hitler's Air Power in World War II. London: Salamander Books Ltd., 1977, p. 139. ISBN 0-86101-005-1.
Web References: +
Web Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131
Editor for Asisbiz: Matthew Laird Acred
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