Me-410A ZG51.1 (9K+HH) France 1944 0A-0B
Profile 0A-0B: This profile is of a Messerschmitt Me-410A-1 Hornisse belonging to ZG51.1 coded (9K+HH) and was stationed France 1944.
Skins Compatibility: IL2 Sturmovik Forgotten Battles (FB), Ace Expansion Pack (AEP), Pacific Fighters (PF), 1946, Storm of War (SW).
SL Me-410A ZG51.1 (9K+HH) France 1944
SL Me-410A ZG51.1 (9K+HH) France 1944 NC
SL Me-410A ZG51.1 (9K+HH) France 1944 NM
SL Me-410A ZG51.1 (9K+HH) France 1944 V00
ME 410A-1 9K+HH of 1./KG51. Based at Beauvais, France 1944 Credits go to Jesters Ink for the original template, KG marks by Morgoth and National Marks by RAF Loke. Three Skins included.
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Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet)
Proposed to the German air ministry in late 1937 as a more powerful and more versatile successor of Messerschmitt Bf 110, the Messerschmitt Me 210 was designed. However, the Me 210 seemed on paper a very promising and extremely useful aircraft. A contract for 1,000 was placed before the first (with twin-fins) flew on 2 September 1939, but this was a huge mistake. The chief test pilot commented that the Me 210 had "all the least desirable attributes an aeroplane could possess." Though it looked good and reached 616km/h on two 1,395hp DB 601F engines and carried 1,000kg of bombs inside a bomb bay and had clever remote-control defensive guns at the rear, the 210 was so full of faults that its production was halted in April 1942. After complete, detailed redesign it emerged in 1943 as the Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet) with speeds around 624km/h on two 1,750hp DB 603A engines. It's design was beset with problems, and by the time it had matured to a good aircraft it had a terrible reputation from which it could not recover. Nevertheless, the Bf 110 needed a replacement, for it was growing obsolete.
The replacement was close at hand, however. After complete, detailed redesign it emerged in 1943 as the Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet) with speeds around 624km/h on two 1,750hp DB 603A engines. Using the Me 210 as a starting point, and changing the designation for partly psychological reasons, the Me 410 Hornisse was quickly completed. The Me 410 differed from the Me 210 mostly in it's powerplant, and modified outer wing panels. These panels included automatic leading edge slots, modified ailerons, trailing-edge flaps and radiator flaps. In fact, the first Me 410 prototype (Me 410 V1) was a modified Me 210A-0 pre-production aircraft.
Flight trials proved that the Me 410 didn't have the vices of the Me 210, and performed excellent with good handling. This, combined with experience with the Me 210, was reason enough for the Me 410 to be ordered into production only a few weeks after the first flight. The 410 served as a bomber-interceptor with up to six heavy cannon, and often with a 50mm gun projecting far ahead of the nose, and sometimes with rocket launchers in the nose; bomber and Zerstörer versions also saw action, but this too was most unsuccessful and production stopped in 1944.
History
In early 1938, continued German confidence in the Bf-110 heavy fighter / bomber destroyer concept led the RLM to issue a specification calling for the design of an eventual successor, which covered a twin-engined multi-purpose fighter with remote-controlled armament. As well as asking Messerschmitt, who eventually produced the Me210, there was also the Ago Ao225 and Arado Ar240.
The Ao225 was a very advanced design, with a large centrally-mounted engine driving both airscrews via extension shafts, but was dropped due to its advanced nature and the financial troubles the company were in. The Me210 first flew on 2 September 1939, the day after Germany invaded Poland. It was powered by two 1,050hp Daimler-Benz DB 601A engines but proved to be very unsatisfactory, having very poor handling and serious instability. The initial prototypes had twin fins and rudders but these were removed and replaced by a large single vertical surface on the first and third prototypes, while the second prototype retained the twin rudder arrangement for comparative testing. The second prototype crashed on 5 September while the others continued flying on 23 September 1939. Some improvement was apparent, but in spite of these and other improvements being carried out (such as a new cockpit canopy), the two prototypes continued to suffer from poor handling characteristics, including spinning and stalling. It is difficult to understand therefore, why the aircraft was allowed to reach the production stage but it did and by mid-1940 the first batch of airframes was ready for final assembly. The first fifteen Me210 Hornisse (Hornet) aircraft were earmarked as test aircraft and on 5 September 1940 (exactly a year from when the second prototype crashed) the programme suffered the first of several crashes when one of the prototypes broke up during dive testing – luckily the pilot managed to escape. The problems were such that the eight pre-production Me210A-0 and thirteen production Me210A-1 aircraft were added to the testing programme. As a result of this extensive testing and evaluation programme, little actual improvement in the handling characteristics of the aircraft occurred and it was evident that only some major design changes would correct the faults. At this stage, such a move would cause unacceptable delays to the production programme so deliveries began and sixty-four aircraft were supplied during 1941 in two variants. The first was the Me210A-1 destroyer-bomber that was armed with two 20mm MG151/20 cannon and two 7.92mm (0.31in) MG17 machineguns and the second was the Me210A-2 fighter-bomber that could carry a maximum bombload of 4,409lbs (2,000kg). The first active use of the Me210 was by II / ZG1 on the Eastern Front in late 1941 but the unit could rarely muster more than a third of its aircraft for operations. Active operations over the British Isles began in September 1942 from 16 Staffel / KG6 based at Soesterberg in Holland, while a number were delivered to III / ZG1 and 2(F) / 122 at Trapani on Sicily and 10 / ZG26 in Tunisia.
However, on 14 April 1942 after about 200 Me210 aircraft had been delivered (including two Me210B-0 preproduction and Me210B-1 production Zerstörer aircraft), the decision was taken to resume the manufacture of the Bf110 to buy time for the faults affecting the Me210 to be ironed out. This however meant the loss of some 600 aircraft to the German war effort and over 30 million RM to Messerschmitt.
Messerschmitt proposed a new high-altitude development with more powerful engines and a pressurised cockpit, the Me310. The aircraft was to be powered by 1,750hp Daimler-Benz DB 603A engines driving four-blade airscrews and a span of 59ft 0.75in (18 metres) with a maximum speed of 419mph (675kph) at 36,091ft (11,000m). It was eventually abandoned as the stability problems affecting the Me210 were eventually solved by the inclusion of automatic wing leading-edge slots and the redesign of the rear fuselage, stretching it by 3ft 1.5in (0.95m) and making it deeper.
The proposed improvements were submitted with the recommendation that the aircraft be equipped with the 1,750hp Daimler-Benz DB 603A engine to provide better performance. RLM accepted the solution as it would utilise a number of unfinished airframes and so Messerschmitt was given the go-ahead with the designation of Me410 being given to the substantially redesigned aircraft. As a side note, an export version of the Me210 existed, the C series, which was built in Hungary by the Danube Aircraft Factory. Messerschmitt had already supplied jigs and tools and the new factory built when the Germans halted their own production programme; however the Hungarians decided to proceed as one of the Me210A-0s had been fitted with the 1,465hp DB 605B engines, being built under license by Manfred Weiss. The Me210C had the wing slots and the new rear fuselage and production deliveries were spit with one third going to the Royal Hungarian Air Force and two-thirds to the Luftwaffe. Production was slow to get going but by early 1944 the first Hungarian units had been formed. Production in Hungary ended in March 1944 by which time 267 Me210C aircraft had been built in two variants. The first was the Me210C-1 Zerstörer / bomber-destroyer and the second was the Me210Ca-1 bomber-destroyer / dive-bomber. In contrast to Luftwaffe pilots, Hungarian pilots seemed to like the aircraft and used it extensively in the close support role.
The prototype Me410 was a converted Me210A-0 and a number of other Me210A-0s were brought up to the Me410 standard but with Db 601F engines. The improvement in the performance of the aircraft and its handling made the Me410 far more acceptable to the Luftwaffe, which received the first five Me410A-1 light bombers in January 1943. It was armed with two 20mm MG151/20 cannon, two MG17 machineguns and two MG131, mounted one on each side of the fuselage in an electrically-powered barbette and could carry 4,409lbs (2,000kg) of bombs internally. Demand for these much more effective aircraft built up quickly, so much so that Messerschmitt's Augsburg production line was supplemented in early 1944 by a second production line after Dornier entered the programme. As Me410 production expanded, a number of specialised sub-variants became available, including the Me410A-1/U1 (photo Reconnaissance), Me410A-1/U2 (heavy fighter) and the Me410A-1/U4 (bomber destroyer) which was armed with a 50mm BK5 gun mounted underneath the fuselage. This weapon was a modified version of the L/60 weapon mounted on the SdKfz 234 series of armoured cars, the gun weighed some 900kg and severely restricted manoeuvrability, carrying some twenty-one rounds and having a recoil pressure of about seven tons. One such aircraft was captured by the Soviets in East Prussia and tested. The Me410A-1 was followed by the Me410A-2 heavy fighter which was equipped with two 30mm cannon and again built with a number of sub-variants including the Me410A-2/U1 (photo Reconnaissance), Me410A-2/U2 (radar-carrying night fighter) and the Me410A-2/U4 (bomber destroyer), while the Me410A-3 was a Zerstörer aircraft equipped with three cameras. The first three Luftwaffe units to receive the aircraft were 5 / KG2 at Lechfeld, 2(F) / 122 at Trapani and III / ZG1 at Gerbini. The latter two had already been equipped with Me210 aircraft but 5 / KG2 converted from the Do217. These were later combined with the remnants of II / KG40 to form the Me410 equipped V / KG2.
In April 1944, the first of the improved B series were delivered to frontline units and introduced the 1,900hp DB 603G engine along with the B-1 and B-2 variants that were similar to the A series variants. The B-3 variant was a Zerstörer aircraft (similar to the A-3) and the Me410B-5 was a torpedo and anti-shipping bomber that was at the testing stage when the war ended. The Me410B-6 was again, a specialised anti-shipping variant that was built in small numbers and equipped with the FuG200 Hohentwiel search radar, two 20mm MG151/20 cannons, two 30mm MK103 cannons and two 13mm (0.51in) MG131 machineguns. As the Allies stepped up the daylight bombing campaign, the Me410s were increasingly engaged in home defence and accounted for a large number of allied bombers although they suffered at the hands of the escorting fighters. Production was finally phased out in September 1944 after 1,160 Me410s had been built and although it had not achieved the successes hoped, it was certainly an improvement on the terrible Me210.
Bibliography
Gunston, Bill. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Combat Aircraft of World War II, Salamander, London, 1978.
Kay, A L & Smith, J R. German Aircraft of the Second World War, Putnam Aeronautical Books, London, 2002.
Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II, Bounty Books, London, 2006.
Versions:
Technical data on the Messerschmitt Me 410A-1/U2
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Powerplant
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2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603A inverted-Vee, rated at 1750 hp (1304.61 kW) each
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Role during war
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- (Ground) Attack Fighter
- Fighter-bomber
- Light Bomber
- Dive Bomber
- Zerstörer Aircraft
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Length
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40 ft 11.5 inch
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Height
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14 ft 0.5 inch
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Empty weight
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17598 lb
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Operational weight
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24772 lb typical
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Wing Span
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53 ft 7.75 inch
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Wing Aspect ratio
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10.2
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Wing Area
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389.69 sq ft
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Service ceiling
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32810 ft
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Maximum speed
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388 mph at 21980 ft
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Cruising speed
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365 mph at optimum altitude
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Initial climb rate
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Climb to 21,980 ft in 10 min 42 sec
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Range
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1050 miles max
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Fuel capacity internal
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1,100 Imp gal (1,321 US gal)
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Fuel capacity external
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-
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Machine guns
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- 2 × 0.312 inch MG 17 fixed forward-firing in the nose, 1.000 rounds each
- 2 × 0.51 inch MG 131 trainable lateral-firing in remote controlled power-operated FDSL barbettes on the sides of the fuselage, 500 rounds each
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Cannons
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- 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 fixed forward-firing in the nose, 350 rounds each
- 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 fixed forward-firing in a ventral tray, 250 rounds each
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Bomb load
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-
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Torpedoes/rockets
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-
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Crew
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2: pilot, radio operator/gunner
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Naval or ground based
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Ground
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First flight (prototype)
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Autumn 1942
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Operational Service
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April 1943 - 1945
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Manufacturer
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Messerschmitt A.G.
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Number produced
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1.160 total, unknown number this version.
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Length
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12.48 m
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Height 4.28 m
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Empty weight
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7982 kg
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Operational weight
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11237 kg typical
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Wing Span
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16.35 m
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Wing Aspect ratio
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10.2
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Wing Area
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36.2 m²
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Service ceiling
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10000 m
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Maximum speed
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624 km/h at 6700 m
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Cruising speed
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587 km/h at optimum altitude
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Initial climb rate
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Climb to 6.700 m in 10 min 42 sec
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Range
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1690 km max
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Fuel capacity internal
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5.000 liters
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Fuel capacity external
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-
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Machine guns
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- 2 × 7,92 mm MG 17 fixed forward-firing in the nose, 1.000 rounds each
- 2 × 13 mm MG 131 trainable lateral-firing in remote controlled power-operated FDSL barbettes on the sides of the fuselage, 500 rounds each
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Cannons
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- 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 fixed forward-firing in the nose, 350 rounds each
- 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 fixed forward-firing in a ventral tray, 250 rounds each
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Bomb load
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-
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Torpedoes/rockets
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-
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Here is a quick overview of all different versions, without the full technical specifications:
Different versions of the Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse |
Me410A-1 Schnellbomber
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The first Me 410A-1 Schnellbomber (fast bomber) was delivered to the Luftwaffe in January 1943 with a fixed forward-firing armament of 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon and 2 × 0.312 in (7,92 mm) MG 17 machine guns, a defensive armament of 2 × 0.51 in (13 mm) MG 131 trainable rearward-firing machine guns in two remotely controlled barbettes on the sides of the fuselage immediately to the rear of the wing trailing edges, and provision for 2,205 lb (1.000 kg) of disposable stores in a weapons bay located in the lower part of the forward fuselage: this bay could carry 1 × 2,205 lb (1.000 kg) SC-1000 or SD-1000 bomb, or 2 × 1,102 lb (500 kg) SC-500 bombs, or 8 × 110 lb (50 kg) SC-50 bombs; the type could also be fitted under the wing roots with tandem pairs of Aussen-ETC racks for the carriage of an additional 4 × 110 lb (50 kg) SC-50 bombs. The bombs were aimed with the aid of a Stuvi 5B dive-bombing sight.
Umrüst-Bausätze (factory conversion sets):
Me 410A-1/U1
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Zerstörer version, fitted with 1 × Rb 20/30, Rb 50/30 or Rb 75/30 camera in the central fuselage
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Me 410A-1/U2
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Heavy fighter version, fitted with a pallet (Waffenbehalter) with 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon fixed forward/firing in the weapons bay, 250 rounds each.
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Me 410A-1/U4
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Bomber-destroyer version. This model had the standard forward-firing gun battery replaced by a single 50 mm BK 5 gun with 21 rounds of ammunition in a cylindrical magazine and aimed with the aid of a ZFR 4a sight.
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Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410A-2 Zerstörer
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Whereas the Me 410A-1 was a fast light bomber, the Me 410A-2 was a heavy fighter. It was identical to the Me 410A-1 and carried exactly the same gun and internal bomb armaments, but lacked the Stuvi 5B dive-bombing sight and provision for the four external 110 lb (50 kg) bombs. A number of aircraft were later fitted as a bomber destroyer.
Umrüst-Bausätze (factory conversion sets):
Me 410A-2/U4
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Bomber destroyer version. These aircraft retained the standard forward-firing gun battery in combination with a single 50 mm BK 5 gun supplied with 21 rounds of ammunition from a cylindrical magazine.
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Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410A-3
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This model was the direct result of the Luftwaffe’s general lack of satisfaction with the Me 410A-1/U1 in the Zerstörer role. In this variant the 2 × 0.312 inch (7,92 mm) MG 17 machine guns were eliminated and the lower line of the forward fuselage was deepened to allow the incorporation of two Rb 20/30, Rb 50/30 or Rb 75/30 cameras in the former weapons bay. The Me 410A-3 entered service in limited numbers from a time early in 1944, and equipped three long-range Zerstörer Staffeln (one on the Western Front and the other two on the Eastern Front).
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410B-1
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This version followed the Me 410A series in April 1944 on the productionlines. The main difference was the uprated powerplant: 2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603G inverted-Vee, rated at 1,900 hp (1.417 kW) each. It had the same dimensions as the Me 410A-1/U2. Other differences include its empty weight of 17,598 lb (7.982 kg), normal take-off weight of 24,772 lb (11.237 kg), max level speed of 392 mph (630 km/h) at 26,575 ft (8.100 m) declining to 364 mph (585 km/h) at 13,125 ft (4.000 m), max cruising speed of 370 mph (595 km/h) at optimum altitude, endurance 2 hours 24 minutes, and climb to 26,245 ft (8.000 m) in 22 minutes 30 seconds with maximum weapon load.
The versions of the Me 410B-1 at first were identical to the Me 410A series, so the Me 410B-1 was the basic Schnellbomber.
Umrüst-Bausätze (factory conversion sets):
Me 410B-1/U2
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Heavy fighter version, fitted with a pallet (Waffenbehalter) with 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon fixed forward/firing in the weapons bay, 250 rounds each.
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Me 410B-1/U4
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Bomber-destroyer version. This model had the standard forward-firing gun battery replaced by a single 50 mm BK 5 gun with 21 rounds of ammunition in a cylindrical magazine and aimed with the aid of a ZFR 4a sight.
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Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410B-2
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This was the equivalent to the Me 410A-2 series, in the form of a heavy fighter. Several variants exist.
Umrüst-Bausätze (factory conversion sets):
Me 410B-2/U2
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The fixed forward-firing armament was augmented by the addition of a weapons-bay pallet (Waffenbehalter) with 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 fixed forward-firing cannon, 250 rounds each.
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Me 410B-2/U4
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Bomber-destroyer variant with a formidable fixed forward-firing armament of 2 × 30 mm MK 103 cannon (replacing the two 20 mm cannon and two 0.312 in/7,92 mm machine guns on the basic fighter) in combination with 1 × 50 mm BK 5 gun supplied with 21 rounds of ammunition from a cylindrical magazine.
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Rüstsätze (field conversion sets):
Me 410B-2/U2/R2
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Fitted with an additional 2 × 30 mm MK 108 cannon.
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Me 410B-2/U2/R3
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Fitted with an additional 2 × 30 mm MK 103 cannon.
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Me 410B-2/U2/R4
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Fitted with an additional 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon.
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Me 410B-2/U2/R5
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Fitted with an additional 4 × 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon.
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Me 410B-3
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This was the long-range Zerstörer variant of the Me 410B model analogous to the Me 410A-3, and therefore had the 2 × 0.312 in (7,92 mm) MG 17 machine guns eliminated and lower line of the forward fuselage deepened to allow the incorporation of two Rb 20/30, Rb 50/30 or Rb 75/30 cameras in the former weapons bay.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410B-5
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Produced only in small numbers and used mostly for experimental work, this was a torpedo bomber version of the standard Me 410B with the 2 × 0.312 in (7,92 mm) MG 17 machine guns deleted, FuG 200 Hohentwiel air-to-surface search radar fitted, and provision made for a disposable armament of 1 × 1,984 lb (900 kg) LT F5b torpedo, or 1 × 1,675 lb (760 kg) LT F5i torpedo, or 1 × 3,968 lb (1.800 kg) SC-1800 bomb, or 2 × 882 lb (400 kg) BT-400 bomb-torpedoes, or 6 × 440 lb (200 kg) BT-200 bomb-torpedoes carried as two under the fuselage and four under the outer wing panels.
The type also had provision for the defensive gun barbettes to be replaced by a 154 Imp gal (184.9 US gal, 700 liter) auxiliary fuel tank, and as the disposable load was carried externally the former weapon bay was adopted to carry a 143 Imp gal (171.7 US gal, 650 liter) auxiliary fuel tank.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410B-6
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This was a heavy fighter optimized for the coastal anti-shipping role with FuG 200 Hohentwiel air-to-surface search radar and a gun armament of 2 × 30 mm MK 103 cannon, 2 × 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon and 2 × 0.51 in (13 mm) MG 131 machine guns.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410B-7
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This was another model that was built only in very small numbers and used mostly for development work as a Zerstörer fighter optimized for the day role.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410B-8
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This was another model that was built only in very small numbers and used mostly for development work as a Zerstörer fighter optimized for the nocturnal role with flares carried in the weapons bay.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410C
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Early 1944 this version was planned. It was to have a much higher performance at higher altitudes, even while carrying heavier weapons loads and sometimes night intercept radar. Two new wings were designed, increasing span to 60 ft or 67 ft (18.25 m or 20.45 m). The powerplant would by 2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603JZ, or 2 × Junkers Jumo 213E/JZ, or 2 × BMW 801TJ. All engines would be fitted with turbosuperchargers, and drive four-bladed propellers with very wide blades. The Daimler-Benz's would be fitted with a annular nose radiator in stead of the usual ones under the rear part of the wings. The main landing gear would retract straight to the rear, while twisting the wheels 90 degrees.
However, since the air industry was suffering seriously the Me 410C program was abandoned before any production aircraft were built.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410D
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This version was considered in stead of the Me 410C series. It was powered by 2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603JZ inverted-Vee engines, and had a revised forward fuselage to increase the field of view of the pilot and cause lower drag. In this version the outer wing panels would be made out of wood, to conserve strategic materials. The Me410D series failed because of, amongst others, problems with adhesives and structural failures in the wooden parts.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Me 410H
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This interim version would replace the Me410D series, and was basically identical to the Me 410B-2. This version however had extra untapered wing panels between the engines and the outer wing panels. Span would have increased to 75 ft (23 m), but the first conversion was never completed.
Number built: unknown out of 1.160 total
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Remarks:
The Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet) was an unpleasant surprise for the British. In Februari 1944 a staffel of II/KG 51 started flying intruder missions over Great Britian. Britain had been accustomed to quiet nights since over a year, during which almost no nightly intruder missions were flown by the Luftwaffe. The Me 410 was heavily armed, fast, and had sufficient range. The succes of the Me410 was a great relief for Prof. Dr. Willy Messerschmitt, since Messerschmitt had been forced to resign after the utter failure of the Me 210.
The name Hornisse is actually an unofficial one. The Me 410 was in use by amongst other II/ZG 26 also known as the Hornissengeschwader. This Geschwader had received wide publicity because of it's successes.
The Me410 served in many theatres, like the North-European, Mediterranean, and Eastern Theatres. Many aircraft were built as Zerstörer aircraft, since the Me 410 had a good range and good performance. Another version in which it was extensively used was that of the Bomber destroyer. By mid-1944 most surviving Me 410's were operated in the Defence of the Reich against day bombers. The good speed and heavy armament brought down many bombers, but overall score was probably about even since the Me 410 were easy targets for the much more nimble North American P-51's and Republic P-47's, who were escorting the bombers.
Strengths:
- Excellent handling
- Good performance
- Heavy armament
Weaknesses:
- Vulnerable to single-engined fighters because of inadequate defensive armament.
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